CORRUPTION in Russia is so pervasive that the whole society accepts the unacceptable as normal, as the only way of survival, as the way things “just are.” It is not simply about officials abusing power; it’s also about ordinary people comfortably adapting these principles to their daily lives.
Most Russians have grown so accustomed to a certain lawless way of life that they have come to view corruption as “Russia’s own special way.” They are unsure how their country’s economy, government or social sphere might function without it. This photo essay is an attempt to show that corruption is both a state of mind and a way of life.
Slide 1.
Are these two friends having lunch? Corruption is such a part of a daily life that it’s hard to tell what might be going on in dark places.
Slide 2.
Crews working on the set of Scarlet Sails, a traditional celebration in St. Petersburg marking the end of the school year in June. This famous event draws millions to its spectacular fireworks and numerous music concerts. For years, Scarlet Sails has been marred by allegations of cronyism and misusage of public funds.
Slide 3.
A traffic policeman stands in his booth on an intersection in St. Petersburg. According to Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer 2010 – 2011, the Russian police, along with the country’s public officials, are the most corrupt public state institutions in Russia. Drivers are accustomed to tucking money in with their documents when they are pulled over.
Slide 4.
Military medical personnel at a St. Petersburg main enlistment center take a moment of rest from examining conscripts and deciding which are fit for service. Military service is mandatory for all healthy young man between 18 and 27, but draft avoidance is widespread. For those with cash to spare, bribery of these doctors is the most expedient means of securing an exemption from service.
Thousands of people in Russia’s large cities took to the streets in recent months, unhappy with President Vladimir V. Putin’s system of running the country. Under his leadership, they believe, Russia is steadily becoming a medieval country with corruption trumping all laws. These people have traveled the world, and they feel embarrassed when their peers in London, New York or Berlin ask about the Pussy Riot trial or the imprisonment of Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky. Members of this new class of Russians often hide their nationality just to avoid being compared to their country’s ruling elite or asked questions that they cannot answer.
I was born in Moldova, then part of the Soviet Union, but moved to New York in the early 1990s when my parents immigrated here. For more than a decade I have been going back to Russia, noticing how the country has become more and more corrupt and lawless. I have been working on this project for the past six months. I see corruption as more than something done to people; it is something they participate in. It involves both a resignation to and a justification of a state of iniquity, insecurity and mistrust.
This project was financed by the Institute of Modern Russia, a nonprofit group based in the United States that aims, among other things, to combat Russian corruption.
1. Предтекстовый этап.
На данном этапе цель учителя – стимулировать учеников узнать как можно больше из того, что может пригодиться для их опыта. Это этап активизации, вовлечения.
А) На данном этапе учащимся можно предложить ознакомиться со слайдом 1, представленным автором статьи (http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/08/18/sunday-review/20120819_russia.html#1)
Slide 1.
Are these two friends having lunch? Corruption is such a part of a daily life that it’s hard to tell what might be going on in dark places.
Опросить учащихся согласны ли они с высказыванием в заголовке статьи, электронной версии американской газеты «New York Times», почему да или почему нет.
В) Учащиеся заполняют таблицу:
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What do we know about corruption? |
What do we want to know about corruption? |
What did we learn about corruption (from the author’s point of view)? |
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Примеры:
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Corruption is a dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery;
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corruption is typical for Russia;
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the most corrupted institution is … |
Примеры:
- Is it possible to live in Russia without corruption?
- What should we do to tackle corruption successfully?
- What are the reasons for corruption?
- Is the corruption the way of life for Russian people?
- What organizations combat corruption in Russia? |
|
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Этап работы с текстом;
A) Прием: Paired reading / Paired summarizing. Учащимся предлагается прочитать первые два абзаца текста в парах. Перед началом работы учитель напоминает учащимся вопросы, которые они определили во втором столбце таблицы.
Первый учащийся читает один абзац, затем выделяет главную мысль в нем и излагает своими словами. Второй учащийся формулирует вопрос, ответ на который можно извлечь из прочитанного абзаца (для слабых учащихся), ответ на который не дан в прочитанном абзаце, а предполагает дополнительные размышления, исходя из прочитанного.
CORRUPTION in Russia is so pervasive that the whole society accepts the unacceptable as normal, as the only way of survival, as the way things “just are.” It is not simply about officials abusing power; it’s also about ordinary people comfortably adapting these principles to their daily lives.
Most Russians have grown so accustomed to a certain lawless way of life that they have come to view corruption as “Russia’s own special way.” They are unsure how their country’s economy, government or social sphere might function without it. This photo essay is an attempt to show that corruption is both a state of mind and a way of life.
В) Работа в группах. Учащиеся делятся на 3 группы, каждая из которых получает слайд с комментарием американского журналиста к нему. (Слайд 2, 3, 4). Один из учащихся озвучивает содержание слайда, остальные выписывают ключевые слова. Затем общими силами составляют краткое изложение прочитанного слайда. Выбирают спикера от группы, который озвучит его всему классу.
Slide 2.
Crews working on the set of Scarlet Sails, a traditional celebration in St. Petersburg marking the end of the school year in June. This famous event draws millions to its spectacular fireworks and numerous music concerts. For years, Scarlet Sails has been marred by allegations of cronyism and misusage of public funds.
Slide 3.
A traffic policeman stands in his booth on an intersection in St. Petersburg. According to Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer 2010 – 2011, the Russian police, along with the country’s public officials, are the most corrupt public state institutions in Russia. Drivers are accustomed to tucking money in with their documents when they are pulled over.
Slide 4.
Military medical personnel at a St. Petersburg main enlistment center take a moment of rest from examining conscripts and deciding which are fit for service. Military service is mandatory for all healthy young man between 18 and 27, but draft avoidance is widespread. For those with cash to spare, bribery of these doctors is the most expedient means of securing an exemption from service.
С) Спикер, демонстрируя слайд, озвучивает его основную идею для всего класса. Участники других групп пытаются найти ответы на вопросы из второй колонки в сообщениях по слайдам. Если учащиеся могут дать ответ, то он фиксируется в третьей колонке «What did we learn about corruption (from the author’s point of view)?» в таблице.
D) Учитель озвучивает оставшиеся вопросы, добавляя еще несколько: «What is author’s opinion on the discussing subject? Could you find any counterarguments to his suggestions?»
Затем учащиеся вновь читают четвертый и пятый абзацы текста, отмечая ключевые слова, которые помогут доказать их позицию при ответе на вопросы. Обсудив в парах ответы, учащиеся дают свой вариант ответа.
Thousands of people in Russia’s large cities took to the streets in recent months, unhappy with President Vladimir V. Putin’s system of running the country. Under his leadership, they believe, Russia is steadily becoming a medieval country with corruption trumping all laws. These people have traveled the world, and they feel embarrassed when their peers in London, New York or Berlin ask about the Pussy Riot trial or the imprisonment of Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky. Members of this new class of Russians often hide their nationality just to avoid being compared to their country’s ruling elite or asked questions that they cannot answer.
I was born in Moldova, then part of the Soviet Union, but moved to New York in the early 1990s when my parents immigrated here. For more than a decade I have been going back to Russia, noticing how the country has become more and more corrupt and lawless. I have been working on this project for the past six months. I see corruption as more than something done to people; it is something they participate in. It involves both a resignation to and a justification of a state of iniquity, insecurity and mistrust.
This project was financed by the Institute of Modern Russia, a nonprofit group based in the United States that aims, among other things, to combat Russian corruption.
При недостатке фоновых знаний об антикоррупционных мерах, принимаемых в России, возможно включение в урок социокультурных знаний о борьбе с коррупцией в других странах.
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Послетекстовый этап
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Учащимся предлагается вновь вернуться к таблице, заполнить ее.
При недостатке фоновых знаний о причинах коррупции, возможно заполнение кластера фронтально
В) В итоге акцентировать внимание учащихся нужно на вопросе Is the corruption the way of life for Russian people?
Учащиеся могут обсудить это в группах по 2 – 3 человека, выработать единое мнение по данному вопросу, аргументировав его.
С) прием «Value line».
Учитель объявляет учащимся, что он абсолютно не согласен с позицией автора статьи, его позиция «The corruption isn’t the way of life for Russian people», аргументируя свою точку зрения исходя из собственного опыта или иными способами. Вторую, противоположную точку зрения будет занимать автор статьи (виртуально). Учитель располагается в одном конце класса. Учащимся предлагается выстроиться в линию, заняв то место, которое ему ближе по убеждениям. Если они согласны учителем, то и стоять они будут рядом или ближе к нему. Если они не совсем согласны ни с той, ни с другой точкой зрения, то они могут встать посередине. При этом, чтобы определить к чьей позиции одноклассников ученики ближе, им необходимо будет обменяться мнениями в процессе построения этой линии. Далее все учащиеся (или представители небольших групп) высказывают свою позицию с аргументами.
D) По итогам урока можно предложить учащимся написать рефлексивное эссе на ту же тему «Is the corruption the way of life for Russian people?», которое может являться домашним заданием.